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to end policy

Толкование Перевод

1 end policy

Макаров: прекращать политику

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > end policy
2 dead-end policy

СМИ: бесперспективная политика

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > dead-end policy
3 open-end policy

Страхование: полис открытого типа (без указания периода действия)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > open-end policy
4 open-end policy

полис открытого типа

English-Russian insurance dictionary > open-end policy
5 policy

n

1) политика; политический курс; стратегия; система; ( towards smth) позиция

2) страховой полис

•

to abandon policy — отходить / отказываться от политики

to abide by policy — придерживаться политики

to adhere to policy — придерживаться политики; быть верным какой-л. политике

to administer policy — проводить политику; осуществлять политику

to adopt policy — принимать политику, брать на вооружение политический курс

to advise smb on policy — быть чьим-л. политическим советником

to advocate policy — отстаивать политику

to apply policy — проводить политический курс

to approve policy — одобрять политику

to argue for tougher policy — настаивать на ужесточении политики

to assign smth the status of state policy — возводить что-л. в ранг государственной политики

to back down from policy — отказываться от какой-л. политики

to be adept at foreign policy — быть искушенным в вопросах внешней политики

to be at odds with policy — противоречить какой-л. политике

to be committed to one's policy — быть приверженным своей политике

to be wary about smb's policy — настороженно относиться к чьему-л. политическому курсу

to break away from smb's policy — отходить от чьей-л. политики

to bring one's defense policy closer together — согласовывать свою политику в области обороны

to camouflage one's policy — маскировать свою политику

to carry out / to carry through policy — проводить политику

to champion policy — защищать / отстаивать политику

to change one's policy — менять свою политику

to condemn policy — осуждать политику

to conduct policy — проводить политику

to conflict with smb's policy — противоречить чьей-л. политике

to continue policy — продолжать политику

to coordinate one's policy over smth — координировать свою политику в каком-л. вопросе

to cover up one's policy — маскировать свою политику

to criticize policy — критиковать политику

to decide policy — определять политику, принимать политические решения

to declare policy — объявлять политику

to denounce policy — осуждать политику

to design policy — планировать политику

to determine policy — определять политику

to develop / to devise policy — разрабатывать политику

to direct policy — руководить политикой

to discredit policy — дискредитировать политику

to dismantle one's policy — отказываться от своей политики

to disrupt policy — срывать политику

to dissociate oneself from smb's policy — отмежевываться от чьей-л. политики

to dither about one's policy — колебаться при проведении своей политики

to dump policy — отказываться от политики

to effect policy — осуществлять политику

to effect a policy of insurance — страховаться; приобретать страховой полис

to elaborate policy — вырабатывать политику

to embark on / to embrace policy — принимать какой-л. политический курс

to employ policy — применять политику

to end policy — прекращать политику

to endanger policy — ставить под угрозу политику

to endorse policy — одобрять политику

to establish policy — устанавливать политику

to examine policy — рассматривать политику

to execute / to exercise policy — проводить политику

to explain policy — разъяснять политику

to expound policy — излагать политику

to express policy — высказывать политические взгляды

to follow policy — следовать политике; проводить политику

to forge policy — вырабатывать политику

to formulate policy — определять политику

to frame policy — вырабатывать политику

to give up policy — отказываться от политики

to guide policy — направлять политику

to halt smb's policy — останавливать чью-л. политику

to harden one's policy — ужесточать свою политику / позицию

to harmonize policy — координировать / согласовывать политику

to hold to policy — придерживаться политики

to implement policy — проводить политику

to initiate policy — положить начало политике

to institutionalize policy — законодательно закреплять политику

to interfere in policy — вмешиваться в политику

to introduce policy — вводить политику

to investigate policy — расследовать политику

to justify one's policy — оправдывать свою политику

to keep policy — сохранять политику неизменной

to keep policy going — продолжать политику

to launch policy — начинать проведение политики

to lay policy before the electorate for approval — излагать политический курс для его одобрения избирателями

to lay down policy — устанавливать политический курс

to lose control of policy — утрачивать контроль над политикой

to maintain policy — продолжать политику

to make policy — быть творцом политики

to make a U-turn in policy — делать поворот на 180 градусов в политике

to make clear one's policy — разъяснять свою политику

to make defense policy — заниматься вопросами обороны

to make one's own policy — принимать самостоятельные политические решения

to map out policy — намечать политический курс

to moderate policy — делать политику более умеренной

to modify policy — изменять политику

to outline policy — намечать политический курс

to overturn policy — отвергать политику, отказываться от какой-л. политики

to present policy — излагать политику

to proclaim one's commitment to policy — публично обязываться проводить какую-л. политику

to profess policy — заявлять о политике

to promote the reform policy — способствовать успеху политики реформ

to propagate policy — пропагандировать / рекламировать политику

to pursue policy — проводить политику

to put across smb's policy to smb — доводить свою политику до кого-л.

to put forward policy — выдвигать политический курс

to put one's policy into practice — осуществлять свою политику

to question policy — подвергать сомнению политику

to railroad through one's policy — протаскивать свою политику

to reappraise one's policy — пересматривать свою политику

to reassess one's policy toward a country — пересматривать свою политику по отношению к какой-л. стране

to reconsider one's policy — пересматривать свою политику

to reform policy — перестраивать политику

to reject policy — отвергать политику

to relax one's policy towards smb — смягчать свою политику по отношению к кому-л.

to rethink one's policy — пересматривать свою политику

to reveal policy (of) — разоблачать политику

to reverse one's policy — изменять свою политику

to review policy — 1) делать обзор политики 2) пересматривать политику

to rewrite policy — изменять политику

to set out policy — излагать политику

to shape policy — определять / разрабатывать политику

to signal a change in foreign policy — свидетельствовать об изменении внешней политики

to spearhead one's policy — направлять острие своей политики

to spell out one's policy in advance — заранее излагать свою политику

to stick to a policy — придерживаться какой-л. политики

to support policy — поддерживать политику

to test policy — проверять политику

to thrash out policy — вырабатывать / обсуждать политику

to tighten monetary policy — вводить более строгие правила в финансовой политике

to tone down one's more controversial policy — ограничивать свои менее популярные политические меры

to validate policy — поддерживать какую-л. политику / политическую линию

to violate policy — отступать от политики

to work out policy — разрабатывать политику

- about-turn in policy
- active policy
- adventurist policy
- adventuristic policy
- advocacy of policy
- advocate of policy
- aggressive policy
- agrarian policy
- agricultural policy
- alternative policy
- annexationist policy
- anti-inflationary policy
- anti-national policy
- anti-nuclear policy
- anti-recessionary policy
- appropriate policy
- architect of policy
- arms policy
- austere policy
- austerity policy
- autonomous policy
- balanced policy
- banking policy
- bankrupt policy
- basic policy
- beggar-my-neighbor policy
- bellicose policy
- big stick policy
- big-time policy
- bipartisan policy
- blind-eye policy
- bloc policy
- bomb-in-the-basement policy
- breach of policy
- bridge-building policy
- brinkmanship policy
- brink-of-war policy
- broad-brush policy
- budget policy
- cadres policy
- carrot and stick policy
- cautious policy
- centrist policy
- champion of policy
- change in policy
- change of emphasis in policy
- change of policy
- circumspect policy
- class policy
- clean-air policy
- closed-door trade policy
- coherent policy
- cold war policy
- colonial policy
- colonialist policy
- commercial policy
- commitment to policy of nonintervention
- common policy
- comprehensive national science and technology policy
- comprehensive set of policy
- concerted policy
- conduct of policy
- confrontation policy
- consistent policy
- containment policy
- continuity in policy
- continuity of policy
- continuity with smb's policy
- controversial policy
- coordinated policy
- cornerstone of policy
- counterproductive policy
- country's fundamental policy
- credible policy
- credit card policy
- credit policy
- crumbling policy
- cultural policy
- current policy
- damaging policy
- defeatist policy
- defense policy
- deflationary policy
- demilitarization policy
- democratic policy
- departure in policy
- destabilization policy
- deterrent policy
- development policy
- diametrically opposed policy
- dilatory policy
- diplomatic policy
- disarmament policy
- discretionary policy
- discriminatory policy
- disinflation policy
- distortion of policy
- divide-and-rule policy
- domestic policy
- dynamic policy
- economic and commercial policy
- economic policy
- embargo policy
- emigration policy
- emission policy
- employment policy
- energy policy
- environmental policy
- erroneous policy
- European policy
- even-handed policy
- expansionary policy
- expansionist policy
- experience of policy
- extreme right-wing policy
- fair policy
- farm policy
- far-reaching policy
- far-sighted policy
- federal policy
- financial policy
- firm policy
- fiscal policy
- flexible policy
- for reasons of policy
- foreign aid policy
- foreign policy
- foreign trade policy
- foreign-economic policy
- formation of foreign policy
- formulation of policy
- forward-looking policy
- framework for policy
- free trade policy
- general policy
- generous policy
- give-and-take policy
- global policy
- godfather to policy
- good neighbor policy
- government policy
- government's policy
- great-power policy
- green policy
- gunboat policy
- hands-off policy
- hard-line policy
- harmful policy
- harmonized policy
- health policy
- hegemonic policy
- high-risk policy
- home policy
- ill-thought-out policy
- imperial policy
- imperialist policy
- import policy
- import substitution policy
- in line with policy
- in the field of foreign policy
- inadmissibility of policy
- independent line of policy
- independent policy
- industrial policy
- inflationary policy
- inhuman policy
- instigatory policy
- insurance policy
- internal policy
- international policy
- internment policy
- interventionist policy
- intolerableness of policy
- investment policy
- iron-fist policy
- irreversible policy
- it's against our policy
- kid-glove policy
- labor mediation policy
- laissez-faire policy
- land policy
- language policy
- leash-loosening policy
- left-wing policy
- lending policy
- liberal policy
- liberalization of policy
- liberalized policy
- line of policy
- long-range policy
- long-term policy
- lunatic policy
- main plank of smb's policy
- major changes to policy
- manifestation of policy
- maritime policy
- marketing policy
- massive condemnation of smb's policy
- militaristic policy
- misconduct of policy
- mobile policy
- moderate policy
- monetarist policy
- monetary policy
- much-heralded policy
- mushy policy
- national policy
- nationalistic policy
- nationalities policy
- native policy
- nativist policy
- neo-colonialist policy
- NEP
- neutral policy
- neutrality policy
- New Economic Policy
- news policy
- nonaligned policy
- nonalignment policy
- noninterference policy
- nonintervention policy
- nonnuclear policy
- nuclear defense policy
- nuclear deterrent policy
- nuclear policy
- nuclear-free policy
- obstructionist policy
- official policy
- official trade policy
- oil policy
- old faces can't make new policy
- one-child-family policy
- one-sided policy
- open-door policy
- openly pursued policy
- opportunistic policy
- optimal policy
- ostrich policy
- ostrich-like policy
- outward-looking policy
- overall policy
- overtly racist policy
- parliamentary policy
- party policy
- passive policy
- pay-curb policy
- peace policy
- peaceful policy
- peace-loving policy
- personnel policy
- plunderous policy
- policy from positions of strength
- policy from strength
- policy in science and technology
- policy is bearing fruit
- policy is constitutional
- policy of a newspaper
- policy of aid
- policy of alliances
- policy of amicable cooperation with smb
- policy of appeasement
- policy of belt-tightening
- policy of capitulation
- policy of compromise
- policy of conciliation
- policy of confrontation
- policy of connivance
- policy of containment
- policy of cooperation
- policy of democracy and social progress
- policy of détente
- policy of deterrence
- policy of dictate
- policy of discrimination
- policy of economic blockade and sanctions
- policy of economy
- policy of elimination
- policy of expansion and annexation
- policy of fiscal rigor
- policy of freedom of expression
- policy of friendship
- policy of genocide
- policy of good-neighborliness
- policy of goodwill
- policy of inaction
- policy of intervention
- policy of intimidation
- policy of isolation
- policy of militarism
- policy of militarization
- policy of military confrontation
- policy of military force
- policy of national reconciliation
- policy of neutrality
- policy of nonalignment
- policy of noninterference
- policy of nonintervention
- policy of nonviolence
- policy of obstruction
- policy of openness
- policy of pacification
- policy of peace
- policy of peaceful co-existence
- policy of plunder
- policy of protectionism
- policy of racial segregation and discrimination
- policy of reconciliation
- policy of reform
- policy of reforms
- policy of regulating prices
- policy of renewal
- policy of restraint
- policy of revanche
- policy of revenge
- policy of subjugation
- policy of violence
- policy of wage restraint
- policy of war
- policy towards a country
- policy vis-à-vis a country
- policy with regard to a country
- policy won out
- political policy
- population policy
- position-of-strength policy
- practical policy
- predatory policy
- price control policy
- price-formation policy
- price-pricing policy
- pricing policy
- principled policy
- progressive policy
- proponent of policy
- protagonist of policy
- protectionist policy
- pro-war policy
- pro-Western policy
- public policy
- push-and-drag policy
- racial policy
- racist policy
- radical policy
- rapacious policy
- reactionary policy
- realistic policy
- reappraisal of policy
- reassessment of policy
- recession-induced policy
- reevaluation of policy
- reexamination of policy
- reform policy
- reformist policy
- regional policy
- renewal of policy
- re-orientation of policy
- repressive policy
- resettlement policy
- rethink of policy
- retrograde policy
- revanchist policy
- reversal of policy

- revision of policy
- revisionist policy
- rigid economic policy
- robust foreign policy
- ruinous policy
- safe policy
- sanctions policy
- scientifically substantiated policy
- scorched-earth policy
- selfless policy
- separatist policy
- shift in policy

- shoot-to-kill anti-terrorist policy
- short-sighted policy
- single-child policy
- social policy
- socio-economic policy
- sound policy
- splitting policy
- state policy
- state remuneration of labor policy
- stated policy
- staunch policy
- sterile policy
- stick-and-carrot policy
- stringent policy
- strong policy
- structural policy
- suitable policy
- sustained policy
- sweeping review of policy
- switch in policy
- tariff policy
- tax policy
- taxation policy
- technological policy
- tight policy
- tightening of policy
- time-serving policy
- tough policy
- toughening of policy
- trade policy
- trade-unionist policy
- traditional policy
- treacherous policy
- turn in policy
- turning point in policy
- unified policy
- united policy
- unsophisticated policy
- U-turn in policy
- viability of policy
- vigorous policy
- vote-losing policy
- wage policy
- wage-freeze policy
- wages policy
- wait-and-see policy
- war-economy policy
- wealth-creating policy
- whip-and-carrot policy
- wise policy
- world policy
- zigzags in policy

Politics english-russian dictionary > policy
6 end

1. I
abs

the war (the story, the road, etc.) ended война и т.д. кончилась; this state of things must end такому положению вещей должен быть положен конец
2. II
end in some manner end suddenly (abruptly, quite unexpectedly. quickly, slowly, gradually, etc.) кончаться внезапно и т.д.; the show ended punctually спектакль кончился точно /в указанное время/; when does the performance end? когда кончается /заканчивается/ спектакль?; end successfully (happily, tragically, dramatically, fatally, disastrously, etc.) оканчиваться /заканчиваться/ успешно и т.д.; this man ended badly этот человек плохо кончил; I don't know how things will end не знаю, как все это обернется; that's how the story ends вот так закончилась эта история; end somewhere the road ends there (here) дорога кончается там (здесь)
3. III
end smth. end the work (a bunk, a play, a story, one's speech, a discussion, etc.) закончить работу и т.д.; end a quarrel (a fight, a war, etc.) прекратить ссору и т.д., in order to end the matter (the crisis, the policy, etc.) чтобы покончить с этим делом и т.д.; that ended the argument это положило конец спорам; end one's life покончить с собой
4. XVI
end at some place end at this point (at the river, at the road, eft.) кончаться у этой точки и т.д.; end at (about, in, etc.) some time end at 5 (at midnight, about noon, etc.) закончиться в пять (около пяти) [часов] и т.д.; end in 1918 (in December, in spring, etc.) закончиться в тысяча девятьсот восемнадцатом году и т.д.; end on Monday (Tuesday, etc) закончиться в понедельник и т.д.; end in /with/ smth. end in /with/ a point (in a cupola, with a tuft of hair, etc.) заканчиваться острием и т.д.; end in failure (in fiasco, in total disaster, in misery, in smb.'s ruin, in death, in a victory, in a complete cure, etc.) (закончиться провалом и т.д.; the match ended in a draw матч окончился вничью /с ничейным результатом/; the quarrel ended in his dismissal в результате ссоры его уволили; all his attempts ended in nothing его попытки ни к чему не привели /не завершились ничем/; end in a shriek (in sobs, in a hearty laugh, etc.) переходить в крик и т.д.; end with these words (with a summary and conclusions, with praise, etc.) закончить такими словами и т.д.
5. XVII 1
1 end by /in/ doing smth. end by thanking the speaker (by saying goodbye, by singing a song, by signing an agreement, etc.) в заключение поблагодарить оратора и т.д.; he will end by losing all his money (by breaking his neck,.etc.) он кончит тем, что разорится и т.д.; it will end in her getting punished (in his going off in a rage, in your having no money of your own, etc.) кончится тем, что ее накажут и т.д.
6. XXI1
end smth. with smth. end a lecture with a quotation (an article with a summary, a speech with a 'thank you', etc.) заканчивать лекцию цитатой и т.д.; end smth. in smth. end one's days in poverty (in oblivion, in the workhouse, etc.) закончить жизнь /умереть/ в нищете и т.д.; he ended his days in peace остаток своих дней он прожил спокойно /мирно/

English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > end
7 end date

общ. дата окончания [завершения\] (действия чего-л., реализации чего-л.; напр., дата истечения срока действия договора, дата завершения рекламной кампании и т. п.)

end date of a policy — дата окончания срока действия полиса

Syn:

ending date

See:

start date, coverage end date

* * *

дата окончания
. . Словарь экономических терминов .

Англо-русский экономический словарь > end date
8 policy design

разработка стратегии

ration design — разработка продовольственных пайков

design concept work — разработка концепции проекта

card design — макет карты; разработка макета карты

front-end design — разработка входных каскадов

proprietary design — оригинальная разработка

English-Russian base dictionary > policy design
9 endowment policy

1) Общая лексика: см (Black's Law Dictionary - A life-insurance policy payable at the end of a specified period, if the insured survives that period, or upon the insured's death if death occurs before the end of the period.)

2) Юридический термин: страхование на дожитие, страхование на дожитие или на случай смерти, страхование на случай смерти

3) Страхование: полис дарения, полис страхования на дожитие, страхование жизни до определённого возраста

4) Деловая лексика: полис-вклад, страхование на дожитие до определённого возраста

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > endowment policy
10 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

back to top

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
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Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
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Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
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Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
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Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
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provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
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enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
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introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
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not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
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an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
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an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
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to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
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further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
11 against

əˈɡenst предл.
1) значение нахождения на определенном месте, в определенной позиции а) прямо напротив, лицом к, перед чем-л. тж. over against In a direct line against them stood the three witches. ≈ Перед ними в ряд стояли три колдуньи. Go into the village over against you. ≈ Пойдите в селение, которое прямо перед вами (Мф. 21-
2) And so handed me to the coach and sat backwards over against me. ≈ И он подсадил меня в коляску, а сам сел напротив лицом ко мне. Syn: over against б) перен. к, в отношении к Hope is against the holy ghost. ≈ Надежда пребывает в духе святом. The legal rights of subjects as against each other and the constitutional rights of subjects against the government. ≈ Юридические права подданных по отношению друг к другу и конституционные права подданных по отношению к правительству. в) (более общее значение) к передней части чего-л., рядом, по соседству, тж. перен. I met him against the pond. ≈ Я встретил его у пруда. Three of their ships lay against the walls. ≈ Под стенами пришвартовались три их корабля.
2) значение движения по направлению к чему-л.. а) (по направлению к чему-л. вплоть до соприкосновения) о, в Till I break my ship against rocks. ≈ Пока мой корабль не разбивается о скалы. The sharp sleet is pattering against the window-panes. ≈ Злая пурга стучится в ставни. I was jostled against him in the crowd. ≈ Меня притерло к нему в толпе. run against б) (опираясь на, в контакте с) о, к Lean your back against my arm. ≈ Обопрись своей спиной о мою руку. Then shall he be set against a brickwall. ≈ А затем его прислонят к кирпичной стене. He pressed his hands against his forehead. ≈ Он прижал ладони ко лбу. в) на фоне (прямое значение) The picture stands out better against the dark wall. ≈ На фоне темной стены эта картина смотрится лучше.
3) значение движения или действия против кого-л. или чего-л. а) (в противоположном направлении, в противодействие некоей силе) на He ran furiously up against a hill. ≈ Как бешеный он взбежал на холм. against the hair against the grain б) (в противоположность тенденции или характеру;
в несоответствии с чем-л.) против, несмотря на( или по смыслу) She actually went with them, though much against her heart. ≈ Она все же пошла с ними, хотя и против собственного желания. May, against common conjectures, will be no very busy month. ≈ В мае, несмотря на то, что говорят многие, завала на работе не будет. It is against my general notions to trust to writing. ≈ Не в моих принципах доверять написанному. в) (о словах или действиях, направленных против кого-л.) с, против Fight against them that fight against me. ≈ Сражайтесь с теми, кто сражается против меня. The whole gentry were against him. ≈ Против него выступали все уважаемые люди. The Law against Witches does not prove there be any. ≈ Наличие закона против ведьм не означает, что они есть. г) (о соревновании) с I always felt as if I was riding a race against time. ≈ Я всегда чувствовал, что бегу наперегонки со временем.
4) а) (значение защиты) от (или по смыслу) I am proof against their enmity. ≈ Я защита от их вражды. The gate would have been shut against her. ≈ Ворота захлопнулись бы перед ней, ее бы не пустили на порог. б) значение предупреждения, обычно переводится по смыслу On his guard against the sins which beset literary men. ≈ И он всегда следил за тем, чтобы не погрязнуть в грехах, присущих писателям. Passengers are cautioned against crossing the line. ≈ Предупреждение пассажирам - переходить линию опасно. The Public are cautioned against pickpockets. ≈ Осторожно! Карманные воры.
5) (о взаимной противоположности) в обмен на, в счет за, вместо That against his great love we be not found unkind. ≈ Чтобы, имея перед глазами его всеохватную любовь, нас не назвали черствыми. When men used to exchange wheat against bullocks. ≈ Когда люди меняли зерно на волов. weigh smth. against smth.
6) (в споре и играх типа тотализатора, о ставках) к I long ago came to the conclusion that all life is six to five against. ≈ Я давно понял, что в этой жизни все ставки - шесть к пяти. As opposition to Mrs Thatcher mounts, I hear that the Commons' unofficial bookie offers odds of 7 4 against her still being prime minister by the end of next year. ≈ По мере того, как оппозиция г-жи Тэтчер растет, неофициальные букмекеры Палаты Общин, как я слышал, предлагают ставки 7 к 4 против того, что она сохранит свой пост до конца следующего года.
7) в ожидании, в подготовке;
к определенному времени To close the business against Thursday. ≈ Закрыть фирму к четвергу. Some additions to my book against the next edition. ≈ Некоторые добавления к моей книге в свете ее будущего переиздания. When the Queen of Sheba came to visit Solomon, he had built, against her arrival, a palace. ≈ Когда царица Савская отправилась с визитом к Соломону, он построил к ее прибытию дворец. against a rainy day
указывает на: противодействие чему-л или несогласие с чем-л: против - to fight * smb., smth. бороться против кого-л, чего-л;
- to warn * smth. предостерегать против чего-л;
- to vote * smb., smth. голосовать против кого-л, чего-л;
- twenty votes * ten двадцать голосов против десяти;
- are you for or * the plan? вы поддерживаете этот план или нет?;
- I have nothing to say * it мне нечего возразить против этого вопреки - I have trusted you * everything я верила вам несмотря ни на что;
- * reason вопреки разуму;
- to hope * hope надеяться вопреки всему;
не терять надежды в безнадежном положении движение в противоположную сторону: против - to sail * the wind плыть против ветра;
- * the clock против часовой стрелки;
- * the sun в сторону, противоположную движению солнца, с запада на восток;
- * the hair (техническое) против волокна;
против шерсти;
не по вкусу, не по душе нахождение на противоположной стороне: против - over * напротив, на противоположной стороне;
- over * the school прямо против школы местоположение около чего-л, рядом с чем-л.: у - a piano stood * the wall у стены стояло пианони;
- the house was built * a hill дом был построен у самого холма соприкоснование или столкновение с чем-л.: по, о, к - the rain was beating * the window дождь барабанил по стеклу;
- to throw a ball * the wall ударять мячом о стенку;
- to bump * smth. удариться обо что-л;
- he struck his foot * а stone он ушиб ногу о камень опору: к, на - he leaned * a post он прислонился к столбу;
- she was sitting up in bed propped * pillows она сидела в кровати, обложенная подушками;
- she drew the child close * her она крепко прижала к себе ребенка фон, на котором выделяется какой-л предмет: на (фоне) ;
по сравнению - the yellow stands out * the black желтое резко выделяется на черном;
- the trees were dark * the sky на фоне неба деревья казались темными предохранение от чего-л.: от - to protect * diseases предохранять от заболеваний;
- she shielded her face * the sun она заслонила лицо от солнца;
- he wrapped in a blanked * the cold of the night он завернулся в одеяло, чтобы ночью не замерзнуть подготовку к чему-л.: про, на - to save money * the rainy day откладывать деньги про черный день;
- they bought preserves * the winter они купили консервы на зиму состязание, конкуренцию, соперничество с чем-л или с кем-л - to run * one's own record time пытаться улучшить собственное время( о бегуне) противопоставление или сравнение: против - three accidents this year as * thirty in 1964 три несчастных случая в этом году против тридцати в 1964 получение в обмен на что-л или с записью на чей-л счет: на, по, против - to charge * smb.'s account( коммерческое) записывать на чей-л счет;
- payment * documents( коммерческое) оплата против документов;
- a drug sold * a written prescription лекарство, продаваемое только по рецепту предмет обмена: на - he exchanged books * sweets он обменял книги на конфеты завершение действия к определенному сроку: к - * the end of the week к концу недели( специальное) в зависимости от, в функции (от) - to plot y * x построить график функции у по аргументу х

against вопреки ~ prep указывает на подготовку (к чему-л.) на, про;
against a rainy day про черный день;
to store up food against winter запастись едой на зиму ~ prep указывает на непосредственное соседство рядом, у;
the house against the cinema дом рядом с кинотеатром ~ prep указывает на опору, фон, препятствие о, об, по, на, к;
against a dark background на темном фоне;
she leaned against the fence она прислонилась к забору ~ prep указывает на определенный срок к, на;
against the end of the month к концу месяца ~ под (расписку) ~ prep указывает на противодействие, несогласие (с чем-л.) против;
she did it against my will она сделала это против моей воли;
to struggle against difficulties бороться с трудностями ~ против ~ prep указывает на противоположное направление или положение против;
he went against the wind он шел против ветра;
against the hair (или the grain) против волокна или шерсти;
перен. против шерсти ~ prep указывает на столкновение или соприкосновение на, с;
to run against a rock наскочить на скалу;
he ran against his brother он столкнулся со своим братом gainst: gainst, 'gainst поэт. см. against

~ prep указывает на опору, фон, препятствие о, об, по, на, к;
against a dark background на темном фоне;
she leaned against the fence она прислонилась к забору

~ prep указывает на подготовку (к чему-л.) на, про;
against a rainy day про черный день;
to store up food against winter запастись едой на зиму

~ cash payment в счет уплаты наличными

~ prep указывает на определенный срок к, на;
against the end of the month к концу месяца

~ prep указывает на противоположное направление или положение против;
he went against the wind он шел против ветра;
against the hair (или the grain) против волокна или шерсти;
перен. против шерсти

appeal ~ обжаловать appeal ~ опротестовывать

be ~ возражать

they took insurance policy ~ their children's education они застраховались, чтобы обеспечить своим детям образование;
to be up against (it) стоять перед задачей;
встретить трудности

buy ~ the seller покупать за счет продавца

~ prep указывает на столкновение или соприкосновение на, с;
to run against a rock наскочить на скалу;
he ran against his brother он столкнулся со своим братом

~ prep указывает на противоположное направление или положение против;
he went against the wind он шел против ветра;
against the hair (или the grain) против волокна или шерсти;
перен. против шерсти

~ prep указывает на непосредственное соседство рядом, у;
the house against the cinema дом рядом с кинотеатром

a ladder standing ~ the wall лестница, прислоненная к стене;
to knock against a stone споткнуться о камень

a ladder standing ~ the wall лестница, прислоненная к стене;
to knock against a stone споткнуться о камень

lay information ~ доносить на

legislate ~ запрещать в законодательном порядке

proceed ~ возбуждать процесс против

protest ~ возражать против protest ~ протестовать против

recover judgment ~ добиваться вынесения судебного решения против

~ prep указывает на столкновение или соприкосновение на, с;
to run against a rock наскочить на скалу;
he ran against his brother он столкнулся со своим братом

security ~ под гарантию security ~ под обеспечение

~ prep указывает на противодействие, несогласие (с чем-л.) против;
she did it against my will она сделала это против моей воли;
to struggle against difficulties бороться с трудностями

~ prep указывает на опору, фон, препятствие о, об, по, на, к;
against a dark background на темном фоне;
she leaned against the fence она прислонилась к забору

~ prep указывает на подготовку (к чему-л.) на, про;
against a rainy day про черный день;
to store up food against winter запастись едой на зиму

~ prep указывает на противодействие, несогласие (с чем-л.) против;
she did it against my will она сделала это против моей воли;
to struggle against difficulties бороться с трудностями struggle: ~ бороться;
to struggle for peace бороться за мир;
to struggle against difficulties бороться с трудностями

to work ~ time стараться кончить работу к определенному времени;
to tell a story( against smb.) наговорить( на кого-л.)

they took insurance policy ~ their children's education они застраховались, чтобы обеспечить своим детям образование;
to be up against (it) стоять перед задачей;
встретить трудности

vote ~ голосовать против

to work ~ time стараться кончить работу к определенному времени;
to tell a story (against smb.) наговорить (на кого-л.) time: to serve one's ~ отбыть срок наказания;
she is near her time она скоро родит, она на сносях;
to work against time стараться уложиться в срок work: to ~ against time стараться кончить к определенному сроку;
to work it sl. достигнуть цели

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > against
12 tool

tu:l
1. сущ.
1) инструмент;
резец
2) станок;
орудие (тж. перен.) ∙ Syn: implement a bad workman quarrels with his tools посл. ≈ мастер глуп, нож туп;
у плохого мастера всегда инструмент виноват
2. гл.
1) действовать( орудием)
2) обтесывать, обрабатывать (камень, металл)
3) вытиснять узор (напр., на коже)
4) разг. ехать или везти в экипаже ∙ tool up инструмент - carpenter's * плотницкий инструмент - garden /gardening, gardener's/ * садовый инструмент - small *s мелкий инструмент - hand * ручной инструмент - pneumatic /air/ * пневматический инструмент - power * автоматический инструмент - planishing * шлифовальный инструмент - * set, set of *s набор инструментов - * engineering технология изготовления инструмента приспособление, оборудование - platelayer's /tracklaying/ *s приспособление для укладки железнодорожного полотна /пути/;
путеукладчик - drilling * буровое оборудование - remote handling * дистанционный манипулятор, телеманипулятор станок режущий инструмент (тж. cutting *) резец пособие, руководство - reference * справочное руководство - bibliographical * библиографический справочник тиснение( на коже, переплете) pl комплект штампа (пуансон и матрица) обыкн. pl орудия труда - the *s of one's trade средства труда - books are the *s of a scholar книги - орудия труда ученого средства - the *s of oratory средства ораторского искусства - the chief *s of a critic основные средства литературной критики - you have to learn the *s of your trade без практических навыков невозможно овладеть специальностью обыкн. (презрительное) орудие (в чьих-л. руках), марионетка - a mere * всего-навсего орудие;
не больше чем пешка - to make smb. one's * превратить кого-л. в (послушное) орудие (своих замыслов) - he is the * of the boss он марионетка в руках хозяина, он делает все, что велит хозяин (студенческое) (жаргон) зубрила( непристойное) мужской половой орган, член > to down *s прекращать работу, (за) бастовать > to play with edged *s играть с огнем > a bad workman quarrels with his *s (пословица) у плохого работника во всем виноват инструмент действовать (орудием, инструментом) подвергать механической обработке обтесывать (камень) оборудовать( инструментами, станками и т. п.) вытиснять узор (на коже, переплете) (разговорное) везти кого-л. (в экипаже и т. п.) - let me * you down to the station давайте я отвезу вас на станцию ехать (в экипаже и т. п.;
тж. to * along) analytical ~ вчт. аналитическое средство authoring ~s вчт. средства для автоматизации творческой работы back-end ~s вчт. средства конечных этапов САПР a bad workman quarrels with his tools посл. = мастер глуп, нож туп;
у плохого мастера всегда инструмент виноват computational ~ вчт. вычислительный аппарат debug ~ вчт. отладчик design ~s вчт. средства проектирования development ~s вчт. средства разработки front-end ~s вчт. инструментальные средства начальных этапов graphical ~s вчт. графические средства knowledge engineering ~s вчт. инструментальные средства инженерии знаний ~ станок;
to sharpen one's tools готовиться, подготавливаться;
to play with edged tools = играть с огнем policy ~ политический инструмент policy ~ средство осуществления policy ~ средство проведения политики programming ~ вчт. программное средство ~ станок;
to sharpen one's tools готовиться, подготавливаться;
to play with edged tools = играть с огнем software ~s вчт. вспомогательные программы tool разг. везти в экипаже;
tool up оборудовать (инструментами, станками фабрику и т. п.) ~ вытиснять узор (на переплете, коже и т. п.) ~ действовать (орудием, инструментом) ~ разг. ехать в экипаже ~ инструмент ~ вчт. инструмент ~ механизм (напр. спроса и предложения) ~ механизм ~ обтесывать (камень) ;
обрабатывать резцом (металл) ~ орудие (в чьих-л. руках) ~ орудие ~ рабочий (ручной) инструмент;
резец ~ способ, средство ~ способ ~ средство ~ вчт. средство ~ станок;
to sharpen one's tools готовиться, подготавливаться;
to play with edged tools = играть с огнем ~ expert system вчт. пустая экспертная система, инструментальная экспертная система tool разг. везти в экипаже;
tool up оборудовать (инструментами, станками фабрику и т. п.) ~s вчт. вспомогательные программы ~s вчт. инструментарий tools: tools орудия труда

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > tool
13 apartheid

n ист.

апартеид

to abolish apartheid — упразднять систему апартеида

to aid and abet apartheid — оказывать пособничество апартеиду и подстрекать к нему

to ban apartheid — запрещать апартеид

to be deeply committed to the struggle against apartheid — активно участвовать в борьбе с апартеидом

to be opposed to apartheid — выступать против апартеида

to bring about an early end to apartheid — приводить к скорейшей ликвидации апартеида

to condemn apartheid — осуждать апартеид

to dismantle / to eliminate apartheid — ликвидировать апартеид

to end apartheid — покончить с апартеидом, положить конец апартеиду

to eradicate the policy of apartheid — покончить с политикой апартеида

to get rid of apartheid — избавляться от апартеида

to go soft on apartheid — симпатизировать апартеиду

to overcome apartheid — одерживать победу над апартеидом

to overthrow apartheid — сбрасывать иго апартеида

to perpetuate apartheid — увековечивать систему апартеида

to practice apartheid — исповедовать апартеид

to pressurize apartheid — оказывать давление на режим апартеида

to protest against the policy of apartheid — протестовать против политики апартеида

to redress the injustices of apartheid — устранять несправедливость, порожденную апартеидом

to remove apartheid from sports — положить конец апартеиду в спорте

to tolerate apartheid — мириться с апартеидом

to wipe out the legacy of apartheid — уничтожать наследие апартеида

- abolition of apartheid
- action against apartheid
- apologist for apartheid
- collapse of apartheid
- dismantling of apartheid
- eradication of apartheid
- inhuman system of apartheid
- lackey of apartheid
- liquidation of apartheid
- maintenance of apartheid
- manifestation of apartheid
- opposition to apartheid
- outspoken critic of apartheid
- petty apartheid
- policy of apartheid
- regime of apartheid
- relaxation of apartheid
- rigid apartheid
- sanitized version of apartheid
- those behind apartheid

Politics english-russian dictionary > apartheid
14 condition

1) условие; оговорка; кондиция || обусловливать

2) состояние, положение || приводить в надлежащее состояние

3) pl параметры, характеристики

4) (документированное) условие (как основание для совершения бухгалтерской операции)

5) общественное положение

6) с.-х. кондиция || доводить до кондиции, откармливать

- in condition

- in working condition

- out of condition

- improve the working conditions

- under production conditions

- condition of entry

- conditions of payment

- conditions of supply

- abnormal operating conditions

- actual operating conditions

- as-received condition

- average operating conditions

- average service conditions

- best-profit condition

- boom conditions

- boundary condition

- business conditions

- cleared conditions

- credit condition

- crowded conditions

- design conditions

- emergency condition

- end-service condition

- end-use condition

- equilibrium conditions

- extreme conditions

- fair condition

- fat condition

- faulty condition

- feasibility conditions

- first-order conditions

- flock condition

- general policy conditions

- high condition

- housing conditions

- humble conditions of life

- intensive conditions

- Kuhn-Tucker conditions

- lean condition

- license conditions

- limiting condition

- low-duty operating conditions

- maintenance conditions

- marital condition

- market condition

- market-clearing condition

- medium operating conditions

- mild-duty operating conditions

- minimax condition

- minimum condition

- moderate operating conditions

- nominal conditions

- operable condition

- operating condition

- operation condition

- operative condition

- optimality condition

- out-of-stock condition

- peak condition

- plant conditions

- profit maximizing condition

- profit-maximizing employment condition

- queue condition

- quiet conditions

- range conditions

- rated conditions

- readiness condition

- reference conditions

- regular service conditions

- running conditions

- saturation condition

- second-order conditions

- septic condition

- service conditions

- serviceable condition

- severe operation conditions

- shop conditions

- show condition

- side condition

- sociodemographic conditions

- special policy conditions

- specified operating conditions

- standard policy conditions

- standby condition

- start conditions

- storage conditions

- surplus conditions

- top condition

- usable condition

- use conditions

- waterlogged conditions

- working conditions

- workshop conditions

- worst-on-worst operating conditions

Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > condition
15 tool

[tu:l]

analytical tool вчт. аналитическое средство authoring tools вчт. средства для автоматизации творческой работы back-end tools вчт. средства конечных этапов САПР a bad workman quarrels with his tools посл. = мастер глуп, нож туп; у плохого мастера всегда инструмент виноват computational tool вчт. вычислительный аппарат debug tool вчт. отладчик design tools вчт. средства проектирования development tools вчт. средства разработки front-end tools вчт. инструментальные средства начальных этапов graphical tools вчт. графические средства knowledge engineering tools вчт. инструментальные средства инженерии знаний tool станок; to sharpen one's tools готовиться, подготавливаться; to play with edged tools = играть с огнем policy tool политический инструмент policy tool средство осуществления policy tool средство проведения политики programming tool вчт. программное средство tool станок; to sharpen one's tools готовиться, подготавливаться; to play with edged tools = играть с огнем software tools вчт. вспомогательные программы tool разг. везти в экипаже; tool up оборудовать (инструментами, станками фабрику и т. п.) tool вытиснять узор (на переплете, коже и т. п.) tool действовать (орудием, инструментом) tool разг. ехать в экипаже tool инструмент tool вчт. инструмент tool механизм (напр. спроса и предложения) tool механизм tool обтесывать (камень); обрабатывать резцом (металл) tool орудие (в чьих-л. руках) tool орудие tool рабочий (ручной) инструмент; резец tool способ, средство tool способ tool средство tool вчт. средство tool станок; to sharpen one's tools готовиться, подготавливаться; to play with edged tools = играть с огнем tool expert system вчт. пустая экспертная система, инструментальная экспертная система tool разг. везти в экипаже; tool up оборудовать (инструментами, станками фабрику и т. п.) tools вчт. вспомогательные программы tools вчт. инструментарий tools: tools орудия труда

English-Russian short dictionary > tool
16 EOP

1) Компьютерная техника: End Of Processing, End of Procedure

2) Военный термин: Emergency Operating Procedures, Executive Office of the President, emergency operations plan, engineering operating procedure, equal opportunity program, equipment operating procedure, ПЭО, бортовая оптико-электронная аппаратура (Electro Optical Payload), ОЭА

3) Техника: EITHER-OR problem, electronic overload protection, electrooptical projector, emergency oil pump, end of paper signal, end of period, end of process character

4) Шутливое выражение: Empire Of Pokemon

5) Математика: End Of Plane

6) Финансы: конец периода (end of period)

7) Сокращение: Electro-Optic Processor, Emergency Off-take Point, Engine Oil Pressure, end of part, Executive Office of the President (US)

8) Университет: English For Occupational Purposes

9) Вычислительная техника: end of output, end of procedures, end of program, End Of Procedure (Fax), конец процедур

10) Нефть: порядок эксплуатации оборудования (equipment operating procedure)

11) СМИ: End Of Paragraph

12) Образование: Education Opportunity Program, Educational Opportunity Program

13) Сетевые технологии: конец вывода

14) Программирование: End Of Production

15) Химическое оружие: Emergency operating procedure, emergency operating plan

16) Уровнеметрия: end of probe

17) Правительство: English Only Policy

18) NYSE. Equity Office Properties Trust

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > EOP
17 eop

1) Компьютерная техника: End Of Processing, End of Procedure

2) Военный термин: Emergency Operating Procedures, Executive Office of the President, emergency operations plan, engineering operating procedure, equal opportunity program, equipment operating procedure, ПЭО, бортовая оптико-электронная аппаратура (Electro Optical Payload), ОЭА

3) Техника: EITHER-OR problem, electronic overload protection, electrooptical projector, emergency oil pump, end of paper signal, end of period, end of process character

4) Шутливое выражение: Empire Of Pokemon

5) Математика: End Of Plane

6) Финансы: конец периода (end of period)

7) Сокращение: Electro-Optic Processor, Emergency Off-take Point, Engine Oil Pressure, end of part, Executive Office of the President (US)

8) Университет: English For Occupational Purposes

9) Вычислительная техника: end of output, end of procedures, end of program, End Of Procedure (Fax), конец процедур

10) Нефть: порядок эксплуатации оборудования (equipment operating procedure)

11) СМИ: End Of Paragraph

12) Образование: Education Opportunity Program, Educational Opportunity Program

13) Сетевые технологии: конец вывода

14) Программирование: End Of Production

15) Химическое оружие: Emergency operating procedure, emergency operating plan

16) Уровнеметрия: end of probe

17) Правительство: English Only Policy

18) NYSE. Equity Office Properties Trust

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > eop
18 war

1. n
война, боевые действия, военные действия; борьба

to abolish war — уничтожать войны; устранять возможность возникновения войны

to accelerate towards war — ускоренно двигаться к войне

to authorize war — санкционировать войну

to avoid war — избегать войны

to banish wars — искоренять войны

to be dead against war — быть категорически против войны

to be free from war — быть избавленным от войн

to be in the war — участвовать в войне

to be sucked into a war — быть втянутым в войну

to bear the brunt of war — выносить основную тяжесть войны

to bomb a country into the war — посредством бомбардировок спровоцировать вступление страны в войну

to bring a country into the war — втягивать страну в войну

to bring about a war — вызывать войну

to call for an early end to the war — призывать к скорейшему окончанию войны

to change the course of the war — изменять ход войны

to come to the verge of nuclear war — подходить к грани ядерной войны

to complete the war — завершать войну

to contribute to reducing the danger of war — содействовать уменьшению опасности войны

to declare war on / upon a country — объявлять войну какой-л. стране

to deescalate the war — ослаблять военную конфронтацию

to deter war — сдерживать развязывание войны

to direct a war — руководить военными действиями

to drag / to draw a country into a war — втягивать страну в войну

to eliminate the menace / threat of war — устранять угрозу войны

to end the war by diplomacy — прекращать войну с помощью дипломатии

to enter into the war — вступать в войну

to exclude war — исключать войну

to fan war — разжигать войну

to fight a war on behalf of the United Nations — вести войну от имени ООН

to fight other people's wars — воевать за других, участвовать в чужой войне

to flee the war — быть беженцем войны

to force a war on / upon smb — навязывать войну кому-л.

to go to war — вступать в войну, начинать войну, отправляться на войну, участвовать в войне

to head off a war — предотвращать войну

to impose a war on / upon smb — навязывать войну кому-л.

to incite a war — разжигать войну

to instigate a war — провоцировать военный конфликт / войну

to keep a country out of the war — удерживать страну от вступления в войну

to know the price of war — знать не понаслышке, что такое война

to legitimize the war — узаконивать войну

to levy a war on / upon smb — навязывать войну кому-л.

to make war — вести войну

to mark the end of the cold war — ознаменовать конец холодной войны

to menace war — угрожать / грозить войной

to open a war — начинать / развязывать войну

to opt out of war — предпочитать не ввязываться в войну

to plot a war — готовить войну

to preempt a war — наносить упреждающий удар

to proclaim war — объявлять войну

to promote the cause of war — способствовать делу войны

to prosecute a war — вести войну

to pursue war — продолжать войну

to push smb towards war — подталкивать / толкать кого-л. к войне

to put an end to the war — положить конец войне

to reject any arbitration / mediation in the war — отклонять любое посредничество в деле прекращения войны

to renew the war — возобновлять войну

to resolve a war — разрешать / урегулировать военный конфликт

to revise smb's attitude to war — пересматривать свое отношение к войне

to rise up a holy war against foreign invaders — подниматься на священную войну против иностранных захватчиков

to sanction the waging of war — санкционировать ведение войны

to scrap star wars — отказываться от "звездных войн"

to settle / to solve a war — разрешать / урегулировать военный конфликт

to slide to a civil war — сползать / скатываться к гражданской войне ( о стране)

to spread the flames of war over a country — распространять пламя войны на страну

to stave off the threat of war — отодвигать угрозу новой войны

to steer the country into a war — вовлекать страну в войну

to step up a war — усиливать войну

to stoke up a war — раздувать войну, подогревать военный конфликт

to sustain the war on several fronts — выдерживать войну на нескольких фронтах

to terminate the state of war — прекращать состояние войны

to thirst for war — жаждать войны

to translate a war of words into a real war — превращать словесную войну в настоящую

to unleash a war — начинать / развязывать войну

to wage war — вести войну, воевать

to widen the war — расширять военный конфликт

to win the war at the negotiating table — выигрывать войну за столом переговоров

to wind down the war — заканчивать войну

- limited nuclear war
- abolition of war
- accidental war
- Afghan war
- aftermath of the war
- aggressive war
- air war
- all-out war
- alternative to war
- annexionist war
- announcement of war
- art of war

- at the height of war
- at times of war
- atomic war
- atrocities of war
- bacteriological war
- bitter war
- bloody war
- border war
- breathing space in a war
- brunt of war
- brutal methods of war
- brutal war
- camps war
- causes of war

- central war
- cessation of the war
- civil war
- clandestine war
- class war
- Cod Wars
- cold war
- collapse of the cold war
- colonial war
- conduct of war
- contained war
- containment of the war
- controlled counterforce war
- conventional war
- cosmic war
- costly war
- counterinsurgency war
- country blighted by war
- country in the throes of a civil war
- country of war
- country's involvement in the war
- crack war
- crime war
- criminal war
- cruel war
- currency war
- danger of war
- de facto war
- declaration of war
- declared state of war
- defensive war
- desperate war
- destructive war
- deterring war
- devastating war
- devastation of the war
- dirty war
- divisive war
- dogs of war

- drawn-out war
- drug war
- dynastic wars
- economic war
- effects of war
- end of the war
- end to the war
- enduring war
- entry into war

- escalation in the war
- escalation of the war
- Europe has been through wars
- experience of war

- explicit war
- exterminatory war
- factional war
- feats of war
- fierce war
- final phase of the war
- First World War
- flare-up of the war
- fratricidal war
- from before the war
- full war
- full-fledged war
- full-scale war
- gang war
- general war
- global war
- gravity of the war
- Great Patriotic War
- Great War
- ground war
- guerrilla war
- Gulf War
- hidden war
- holy war
- horrors of war
- hot war
- hotbed of war

- ideological war

- implements of war

- in the eve of the war
- in the wake of the war
- in the war
- inadvertent war
- inconclusive war
- independence war
- initial indications of a war coming
- insurrectionary war
- intensified war
- intensive preparations for war
- interminable war
- internecine war
- jamming war
- just war
- land war
- large-scale war
- latent war
- level of war
- liberation war
- limited war
- local war
- lone war
- long war
- long-running war
- lost war
- major war
- massive war
- means of ending the war
- means of war
- menace of war
- missile and nuclear war
- missile war
- monetary and financial war
- murderous war
- national liberation war
- national war
- naval war
- newspaper war
- nightmares of war
- nonatomic war
- nonnuclear war
- nuclear war
- nuclear-missile war
- nuke war
- offensive war
- on the brink of war
- on the verge of war
- ongoing war
- open war
- outbreak of war
- outset of war
- part of the country ravaged by war
- people's liberation war
- people's war
- permanent war
- phony war
- pocket war
- poised for war
- policy of war

- positional war
- potential of war
- predatory war
- preparations for war
- prevention of war
- preventive war
- price war
- prisoner of war

- progressive war
- prolonged war
- propagander war
- prosecution of war
- prospect of war
- protracted war
- proxy war
- psychological war
- race war
- rejection of wars
- rekindling of the war
- relics of the cold war
- renunciation of wars
- restricted war
- revolutionary war
- ruinous war
- ruthless war
- sacred war
- savage war
- scars of war
- scourge of war
- Second World War
- secret war
- shooting war
- Six-day war
- sources of war
- spillover of the war
- star wars
- state of war

- strain of the war
- strategic war
- sustained war
- Tanker war
- tantamount to declaring war
- tariff war
- termination of war
- the country is effectively at war
- thermonuclear war
- thirst for war
- threat of war

- three-cornered war
- total war
- trade war
- tribal war
- undeclared war
- union recruitment war
- universal war
- unjust war
- unleashing of war
- unwinnable war
- vengeful war
- victim of war
- War between the States
- War in the Gulf
- War of American Independence
- war against illiteracy
- war against poverty
- war against the use of drugs
- war by proxy
- war drags on
- war escalated
- war has broken out
- war has devastated much of the country
- war has flared up again
- war is as good as over
- war is at a halt
- war is at an end
- war is effectively over
- war is entering a new phase
- war is going to carry on
- war is imminent
- war is looming
- war is petering out
- war is the last resort
- war is unacceptable
- war knew no bounds
- war of aggression
- war of attrition
- war of conquest
- war of diplomatic attrition
- war of extermination
- war of extinction
- war of genocide
- war of liberation
- war of nerves
- war of secession
- war of the cities
- war of words
- war on drugs
- war on terror
- war on two fronts
- war remains intense
- war spills over
- war to end all wars
- war to finish
- war to the end
- war to the knife
- war will leave no victors
- war without end
- war would be catastrophic
- wasting war
- white war
- wide war
- winnable war
- withdrawal from war
- World War I
- World War II
- world war
- world without wars 2. v
воевать

to war down smth — завоевывать / покорять что-л.

to war over smth — воевать по поводу / из-за чего-л.

Politics english-russian dictionary > war
19 CEP

1) Медицина: Сертификат пригодности в ЕС (certificate of suitability)

2) Американизм: Cultural Exchange Party

3) Военный термин: Capital Equipment Plan, Committee for Energy Policy of OECD, capability evaluation plan, circular error probable, civil emergency planning, command executive procedures, common electronic parts, concept evaluation program, current evaluation phase, custodian of enemy property, КВО, круговое вероятное отклонение, Construction Electrician (Power)

4) Техника: common electronics parts, Condensate Extraction Pump

5) Сельское хозяйство: central experimental farm, chicken embryo fibroblast

6) Химия: Chemical Engineering Progress

7) Математика: круг равной вероятности (circle of equal probability)

8) Фармакология: Certificate of suitability of Monographs of the European Pharmacopoeia, Сертификат соответствия Европейской Фармакопее

9) Телекоммуникации: Communication End Point

10) Сокращение: Circle of Equal Probability, Circular Error Probability, Circular Error, Probable, Common Engine Program (US Army), Contact Evaluation Plot, Contextual Enhancement Processor, Cooperative Engagement Processor, circular error probable/probability, Проект для Центральной Европы (Central European Project)

11) Вычислительная техника: channel end point

12) Нефть: Council for Environmental Policy, construction execution plan

13) Транспорт: Courier Express And Parcel

14) Воздухоплавание: Probable Circular Error

15) Экология: Caribbean Environmental Project, Community Environmental Project

16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Current Estimated Potential

17) Менеджмент: contractors execution plan

18) Программирование: Count Enable Parallel

19) Океанография: Caribbean Environment Program, Committee on Environmental Protection

20) Сахалин Ю: contract execution plan

21) Химическое оружие: catalytic extraction processing

22) Физическая химия: Collision Cell Entrance Potential (в масс-спектроскопии)

23) Должность: Certified Education Planner

24) Аэропорты: Concepcion, Bolivia

25) Программное обеспечение: Core Enterprise Php

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > CEP
20 Cep

1) Медицина: Сертификат пригодности в ЕС (certificate of suitability)

2) Американизм: Cultural Exchange Party

3) Военный термин: Capital Equipment Plan, Committee for Energy Policy of OECD, capability evaluation plan, circular error probable, civil emergency planning, command executive procedures, common electronic parts, concept evaluation program, current evaluation phase, custodian of enemy property, КВО, круговое вероятное отклонение, Construction Electrician (Power)

4) Техника: common electronics parts, Condensate Extraction Pump

5) Сельское хозяйство: central experimental farm, chicken embryo fibroblast

6) Химия: Chemical Engineering Progress

7) Математика: круг равной вероятности (circle of equal probability)

8) Фармакология: Certificate of suitability of Monographs of the European Pharmacopoeia, Сертификат соответствия Европейской Фармакопее

9) Телекоммуникации: Communication End Point

10) Сокращение: Circle of Equal Probability, Circular Error Probability, Circular Error, Probable, Common Engine Program (US Army), Contact Evaluation Plot, Contextual Enhancement Processor, Cooperative Engagement Processor, circular error probable/probability, Проект для Центральной Европы (Central European Project)

11) Вычислительная техника: channel end point

12) Нефть: Council for Environmental Policy, construction execution plan

13) Транспорт: Courier Express And Parcel

14) Воздухоплавание: Probable Circular Error

15) Экология: Caribbean Environmental Project, Community Environmental Project

16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Current Estimated Potential

17) Менеджмент: contractors execution plan

18) Программирование: Count Enable Parallel

19) Океанография: Caribbean Environment Program, Committee on Environmental Protection

20) Сахалин Ю: contract execution plan

21) Химическое оружие: catalytic extraction processing

22) Физическая химия: Collision Cell Entrance Potential (в масс-спектроскопии)

23) Должность: Certified Education Planner

24) Аэропорты: Concepcion, Bolivia

25) Программное обеспечение: Core Enterprise Php

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Cep

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на русский

to end policy

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на русский

to end policy

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